An introduction to Parenteral Nutrition

Dr Andrew Rochford - Consultant Gastroenterologist

This video provides a foundational overview of parenteral nutrition (PN), explaining when it is indicated, how it is delivered intravenously, and which patients benefit most — particularly those with non-functional or inaccessible gastrointestinal tracts. It outlines core components of PN (macronutrients, micronutrients, fluids, electrolytes) and highlights the importance of assessment, monitoring, and multidisciplinary involvement to support safe and effective therapy. 

New to PN? Explore more content in the learning zone such as the malnutrition and product handling sections.

Refeeding Guidelines

Dr Alison Culkin – Consultant Dietitian in Intestinal Rehabilitation

This session focuses on identifying patients at risk of refeeding syndrome and outlines evidence-based strategies for safely reintroducing nutrition in malnourished individuals. It emphasises gradual initiation of feeding, electrolyte monitoring (especially phosphate, potassium, and magnesium), thiamine supplementation, and careful metabolic observation to prevent serious complications.

Find general guidance for supporting PN patients in our Supporting Your Patients section

Multi-chamber bag use and a hybrid prescribing approach

Nina Taherzadeh - Principle Pharmacist in Gastroenterology & Nutrition

This video discusses the role of standardised multi-chamber PN bags in improving safety, efficiency, and consistency of care. It also introduces the concept of a hybrid approach — combining ready-to-use standard PN formulations with patient-specific adjustments when necessary — to balance individualisation with reduced compounding risks and improved workflow.

Compare available PN options from Fresenius Kabi using the Multi-Chamber Bag Navigator resource.

Methodology and outcomes from Salford PN standardisation audit

Simon Harrison - Specialist Pharmacist

This presentation reviews a clinical audit evaluating the impact of standardising PN prescribing and product selection. It outlines the audit methodology, implementation process, and measurable outcomes, such as reduced prescribing variability, improved cost-effectiveness, streamlined processes, and potential improvements in safety and governance.

Compare available PN options from Fresenius Kabi using the Multi-Chamber Bag Navigator resource.

PN in critical care

Emma Gaskin - Critical Care Dietitian, Chair BDA Critical Care Specialist Group

This video explores the complex considerations of providing parenteral nutrition in critically ill patients, including timing of initiation, energy and protein requirements, fluid balance, and integration with enteral feeding where possible. It highlights the challenges of metabolic instability in ICU settings and the need for close monitoring to optimise outcomes.

Visit our intensive care product section for information relevant to the nutritional needs of critically ill patients.